A universal lathe is a type of machine tool used for shaping various materials, such as metal, wood, or plastic, by rotating them against a cutting tool. It is called “universal” because it can perform a wide range of machining operations and is versatile in terms of the types of work it can handle.

A universal lathe typically consists of a horizontal bed or base with a rotating spindle that holds the workpiece. The spindle is driven by an electric motor, and the speed can be adjusted to accommodate different materials and cutting requirements. The cutting tool, such as a tool bit or a specialized cutting insert, is mounted on a tool post and can be moved in different directions relative to the workpiece.

One of the key features of a universal lathe is its ability to perform various operations, including turning, facing, drilling, threading, and taper turning. It can be used for both external and internal machining, allowing for the creation of cylindrical shapes, threads, and other complex geometries. Universal lathes often have a variety of accessories and attachments that can be added to expand their capabilities, such as milling attachments or grinding attachments.

The term “universal” implies that the lathe is adaptable and can handle a wide range of workpieces and machining tasks, making it a versatile machine tool in manufacturing, machining, and fabrication industries.